What is agroforestry? Write its basic concept, importance and scope

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Agroforestry is a land use management system in which trees or shrubs are grown around or among crops or pastureland. Trees produce a wide range of useful and marketable products from fruits/nuts, medicines, wood products, etc. This intentional combination of agriculture and forestry has multiple benefits, such as greatly enhanced yields from staple food crops, enhanced farmer livelihoods from income generation, increased biodiversity, improved soil structure and health, reduced erosion, and carbon sequestration. Agroforestry practices are highly beneficial in the tropics, especially in subsistence smallholdings in sub-Saharan Africa and have been found to be beneficial in Europe and the United States.

Agroforestry shares principles with intercropping but can also involve much more complex multi-strata agroforests containing hundreds of species. Agroforestry can also utilise nitrogen-fixing plants such as legumes to restore soil nitrogen fertility. The nitrogen-fixing plants can be planted either sequentially or simultaneously.

importance of agroforestry:--

1. Improved nutrition and food security

Planting trees in agricultural lands can help increase food production and boost food security. Moreover, agroforestry helps in health and nutrition improvement due to increased diversity and quality of food outputs. Tree planting, as part of agroforestry, can be used as a source of fuel, food and non-wood products that can be consumed or sold resulting in additional food and security.

Generally, trees can provide nutritious fruits, nuts, and leaves for consumption in households. Felled trees and their residues can be used as wood energy for cooking and heating while leaves can be used as forage for livestock.

In addition to food products, agroforestry also supports the production of a wide range of products such as timber, fiber, fodder and forage, craft products, medicinal products, hedging materials, and gums and resins among others.

2. More and more benefits from Trees!

Planting trees, as part of agroforestry practice, can be beneficial for the health and survival of humans, animals, and crops. Trees can block strong winds, protecting crops from damage. Some crops like barley, alfalfa, and winter wheat are also known to thrive under shelter. Combining proper tree species and responsive crops can lead to improved yields.

Trees also protect animals from wind chill in cold days while also providing shade on hot days and thus, ____________ ___ ___________ ___ ____________ ________ _____ ____ _________ _____ ____________ ___________ _________ ______ _______.
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Degree : DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Diploma in Watershed Management
Course Code : DWM
Subject Name : Horticulture and Agroforestry System
Subject Code : BNRI 106
Year : 2023