How the temperature affects the growth and development of horticultural plants? Explain in details.

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Temperature plays a crucial role in influencing the growth and development of horticultural plants. It is a key environmental factor that directly impacts various physiological processes within plants. The effects of temperature on plants are complex and can influence seed germination, vegetative growth, flowering, fruit development, and overall plant productivity. Understanding these temperature-dependent processes is essential for successful horticulture. Let's explore the ways in which temperature affects the growth and development of horticultural plants in detail.

1. Germination:

   • Temperature significantly influences the germination process. Different plant species have specific temperature requirements for optimal germination. Some seeds require cold stratification, a period of chilling temperatures, to break dormancy and germinate.
   • Optimal temperature ranges for germination vary among plants, and deviations from these ranges can affect germination rates. Low temperatures can slow down the process, while excessively high temperatures may inhibit germination.

2. Vegetative Growth:

   • The rate of vegetative growth is strongly influenced by temperature. In general, warmer temperatures promote faster growth rates, while cooler temperatures may slow down growth.
   • Cold temperatures can lead to reduced photosynthetic activity and nutrient uptake, affecting the overall development of leaves, stems, ____ _______ _____ __________ _________ ___________ ____.
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Degree : DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Diploma in Horticulture
Course Code : DHORT
Subject Name : Basic Horticulture
Subject Code : BAP 2
Year : 2023