Explain the various methods for the treatment of landfill gases.

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Landfill gases are an inevitable byproduct of the decomposition of organic matter within solid waste disposal sites. When municipal solid waste is buried in landfills, biological, chemical, and physical processes break down the organic components, generating gases that are released into the atmosphere. The principal components of landfill gas are methane and carbon dioxide, with trace amounts of other volatile organic compounds, hydrogen sulfide, and nitrogen. Methane, being a potent greenhouse gas with high flammability, poses risks of explosions, environmental pollution, and contribution to global climate change. Therefore, appropriate treatment methods for landfill gases are essential to mitigate environmental and health hazards and to utilize the gas as a resource. Various treatment methods have been developed and implemented, ranging from simple flaring to sophisticated energy recovery systems. One of the most common and widely applied methods of landfill gas treatment is flaring. In this method, the collected landfill gases are burned in enclosed or open flares. The process converts methane into carbon dioxide and water vapor, thereby significantly reducing its global warming potential. Open flares are basic devices where gases are combusted in an open flame, while enclosed flares are more advanced, offering better combustion efficiency and control over emissions. Flaring is a cost-effective and reliable solution, particularly for landfills where energy recovery is not feasible due to low gas quantity or quality. However, while it reduces methane emissions, flaring does not utilize the energy potential of the gas, making it less sustainable in the long run. Another effective method is energy recovery through landfill gas-to-energy projects. In this approach, the methane-rich gas is captured and used as a fuel to generate electricity or heat. There are different systems employed for this purpose, such as internal combustion engines, gas turbines, and microturbines. Internal combustion engines are the most common, where the landfill gas is cleaned to remove impurities and then used to power engines _________ ______ _________ _______ ____________ ____________ ___________ ___________ _____________ __________ ___ ________ _____________.
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Degree : DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Certificate in Solid Wastes Treatment Techniques
Course Code : CSWATT
Subject Name : Disposal of Wastes
Subject Code : BWA 4
Year : 2023