Define agrobiodiversity. Discuss the role of agrobiodiversity in achieving food security in India.

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Agrobiodiversity refers to the variety of crops, livestock, and other species that are cultivated or raised in agricultural systems. This includes both domesticated and wild species that are used for food, fiber, fuel, medicine, and other purposes. Agrobiodiversity is essential for sustainable agriculture, food security, and ecosystem resilience. It provides a range of ecosystem services, including soil fertility, pest and disease control, and pollination. In addition, it supports cultural and traditional practices, promotes biodiversity conservation, and contributes to poverty reduction.

India is a country of diverse agro-climatic zones and farming systems, and thus, it possesses a rich agrobiodiversity. The country is home to more than 50,000 plant species, many of which have been used for food, medicine, and other purposes for centuries. However, the rapid pace of urbanization, industrialization, and agricultural intensification has led to the loss of agrobiodiversity in many parts of the country. This has resulted in the homogenization of crops, a decline in soil fertility, increased use of chemical inputs, and vulnerability to pests and diseases.

The role of agrobiodiversity in achieving food security in India cannot be overemphasized. The country faces multiple challenges in meeting the food needs of its growing population, which is expected to reach 1.7 billion by 2050. These challenges include climate change, land degradation, water scarcity, and limited access to inputs and markets. Agrobiodiversity can help address these challenges by providing a range of benefits:

1. Nutritional security: Agrobiodiversity can provide a diverse range of nutrient-rich foods that can help improve the nutritional status of the ______ _________ ___ _____ ___________ _____ __________ _______.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Master of Arts (Sustainability Science)
Course Code : MASS
Subject Name : Ecosystem and Natural Resources
Subject Code : MSD 12
Year : 2023