Describe characteristic features of smart cities. Discuss smart city initiatives in Europe and India..

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Smart cities represent a paradigm shift in urban planning, focusing on integrating information and communication technologies (ICT) with infrastructure, governance, and community services to enhance efficiency, sustainability, and the quality of life for residents. The defining characteristic features of smart cities revolve around technology-enabled urban management, citizen-centric services, and environmentally responsible growth. One of the primary features is the use of advanced digital infrastructure. This includes IoT (Internet of Things) sensors, cloud computing, and big data analytics that collect and process real-time data on traffic, energy consumption, water supply, waste management, and pollution levels. By leveraging this data, city authorities can make informed decisions, predict urban challenges, and optimize resource allocation. Another key characteristic is sustainable resource management. Smart cities emphasize energy efficiency, renewable energy integration, and water conservation through smart grids, intelligent lighting systems, and automated water management solutions. Efficient transportation is also a hallmark, with features like real-time traffic monitoring, adaptive traffic signaling, public transportation optimization, _________ ____ ___ __________ _____ ____________ ________ _________ ___________.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Master of Arts (Urban Studies)
Course Code : MAUS
Subject Name : Sustainable Development and Smart Cities
Subject Code : MEDS -048
Year : 2024 2025