Describe characteristic features of smart cities. Discuss smart city initiatives in Europe and India..

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A smart city is an urban area that leverages digital technology, data analytics, and sustainable practices to enhance the quality of life for its residents, improve the efficiency of urban services, and reduce environmental impact. One of the defining characteristics of smart cities is the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) across various sectors including transportation, energy, healthcare, education, and public safety. This integration enables real-time monitoring, efficient resource management, and the development of citizen-centric services. Data-driven decision-making is a hallmark of smart cities, where sensors, IoT devices, and other digital tools collect and analyze vast amounts of information to optimize urban functions and support sustainable development goals. Sustainability is a core feature of smart cities. They prioritize renewable energy sources, efficient water management, green building practices, and waste reduction strategies to minimize their ecological footprint. Energy-efficient infrastructure such as smart grids, LED street lighting, and solar-powered systems are commonly employed to reduce energy consumption. Waste management in smart cities involves intelligent collection systems, recycling initiatives, and waste-to-energy conversion processes, all aimed at minimizing landfill use and promoting circular economy practices. Similarly, sustainable urban mobility is emphasized through electric vehicles, shared transportation systems, intelligent traffic management, and well-connected public transport networks that reduce congestion and air pollution. Connectivity and digital _____________ _____________ __________ ___ ______ __ ____ _______.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Master of Arts (Urban Studies)
Course Code : MAUS
Subject Name : Sustainable Development and Smart Cities
Subject Code : MEDS -048
Year : 2024 2025