IGNOU PHE 9 SOLVED ASSIGNMENT HINDI

Ques 1.

The sodium lamp used in a physics laboratory gives out light uniformly. Suppose that the lamp uses 40 W. Calculate the magnitude of electric field.

Ques 2.

Describe polarisation of light by reflection. How does degree of polarisation vary with angle of incidence of light?

Ques 3.

Discuss the concept of missing orders with reference to double slit diffraction pattern.

Ques 4.

Depict spatial evolution of Fresnel diffraction pattern.

Ques 5.

Obtain expressions for reflection and transmission amplitude coefficients when electric vector associated with a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave which is in the plane of incidence.

Ques 6.

Obtain an expression for elliptically polarised light resulting due to superposition of two orthogonal linearly polarised light waves. Show that plane polarised light and circularly polarised light are special cases of elliptically polarised light.

Ques 7.

Obtain the expression for shift in fringes when a thin transparent sheet is introduced in the path of one of the waves in a double slit interference experiment.

Ques 8.

A plano-convex lens of radius 1.0 m is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is illuminated by an extended monochromatic source. Assume that the point of contact is perfect. The diameters of the  and  dark rings in the reflected light are  and . Next, the space between the lens and the glass plate is filled with a liquid. The diameter of the  ring changes to . Calculate the refractive index of the liquid when the ring is (i) dark, and (ii) bright, if the wavelength of light is .

Ques 9.

A plane light wave of wavelength 580 nm falls on a long narrow slit of width 0.5 mm. (i) Calculate the angles of diffraction for the first two minima. (ii) How are these angles influenced if the width of slit is changed to 0.2 mm? (iii) If a convex lens of focal length 0.15 m is now placed after the slit, calculate the separation between the second minima on either side of the central maximum.

Ques 10.

Discuss Rayleigh's criterion for resolving power of an optical instrument. Obtain an expression for resolving power of a microscope.

Ques 11.

An atomic system consisting of two energy levels, with population of higher energy level less than that of the lower level, is in thermal equilibrium. Show that the absorption of radiation dominates stimulated emission if radiation of appropriate frequency is introduced into the system. Comment on the consequences of this fact for laser action.

Ques 12.

Two energy levels of an atomic system are separated by energy corresponding to frequency 3.0 × 10¹⁴ Hz. Assume that all atoms are in one or the other of these two energy levels, compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level at temperature 400 K. Take k_B = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ JK⁻¹ and h = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ Js.

Ques 13.

The refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.51 and 1.39, respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture and light gathering capacity of the fibre.

Ques 14.

The sodium lamp used in a physics laboratory gives out light uniformly. Suppose that the lamp uses 40 W. Calculate the magnitude of electric field.

Ques 15.

Describe polarisation of light by reflection. How does degree of polarisation vary with angle of incidence of light?

Ques 16.

Discuss the concept of missing orders with reference to double slit diffraction pattern.

Ques 17.

Depict spatial evolution of Fresnel diffraction pattern.

Ques 18.

Obtain expressions for reflection and transmission amplitude coefficients when electric vector associated with a plane monochromatic electromagnetic wave which is in the plane of incidence.

Ques 19.

Obtain an expression for elliptically polarised light resulting due to superposition of two orthogonal linearly polarised light waves. Show that plane polarised light and circularly polarised light are special cases of elliptically polarised light.

Ques 20.

Obtain the expression for shift in fringes when a thin transparent sheet is introduced in the path of one of the waves in a double slit interference experiment.

Ques 21.

A plano-convex lens of radius 1.0 m is placed on an optically flat glass plate and is illuminated by an extended monochromatic source. Assume that the point of contact is perfect. The diameters of the  and  dark rings in the reflected light are  and . Next, the space between the lens and the glass plate is filled with a liquid. The diameter of the  ring changes to . Calculate the refractive index of the liquid when the ring is (i) dark, and (ii) bright, if the wavelength of light is .

Ques 22.

A plane light wave of wavelength 580 nm falls on a long narrow slit of width 0.5 mm. (i) Calculate the angles of diffraction for the first two minima. (ii) How are these angles influenced if the width of slit is changed to 0.2 mm? (iii) If a convex lens of focal length 0.15 m is now placed after the slit, calculate the separation between the second minima on either side of the central maximum.

Ques 23.

Discuss Rayleigh's criterion for resolving power of an optical instrument. Obtain an expression for resolving power of a microscope.

Ques 24.

An atomic system consisting of two energy levels, with population of higher energy level less than that of the lower level, is in thermal equilibrium. Show that the absorption of radiation dominates stimulated emission if radiation of appropriate frequency is introduced into the system. Comment on the consequences of this fact for laser action.

Ques 25.

Two energy levels of an atomic system are separated by energy corresponding to frequency 3.0 × 10¹⁴ Hz. Assume that all atoms are in one or the other of these two energy levels, compute the fraction of atoms in the upper energy level at temperature 400 K. Take k_B = 1.38 × 10⁻²³ JK⁻¹ and h = 6.6 × 10⁻³⁴ Js.

Ques 26.

The refractive indices of the core and cladding materials of an optical fibre are 1.51 and 1.39, respectively. Calculate the numerical aperture and light gathering capacity of the fibre.

Ques 27.

भौतिकी प्रयोगशाला में प्रयुक्त 40 W का सोडियम लैम्प अपने चारों ओर एकसमान प्रकाश उत्सर्जित करता है। विद्युत क्षेत्र का परिमाण परिकलित करें। 

Ques 28.

परावर्तन द्वारा प्रकाश ध्रुवण की व्याख्या करें। आपतित प्रकाश के आपतन कोण पर ध्रुवण की निर्भरता की समीक्षा करें। 

Ques 29.

द्वि-रेखाछिद्र विवर्तन पैटर्न में लुप्त क्रमों की व्याख्या करें। 

Ques 30.

फ्रेनल विवर्तन पैटर्न का स्थानीय विकास चित्रित करें। 

Ques 31.

यदि समतल एकवर्णी विद्युत्-चुंबकीय तरंग के संगत विद्युत् क्षेत्र सदिश आपतन तल में हो तो परावर्तन तथा पारगमन आयाम गुणांकों के व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न करें। 

Ques 32.

दो समतल ध्रुवित लंबवत् प्रकाश तरंगों के अध्यारोपण के फलस्वरूप उत्पन्न दीर्घवृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश के लिए व्यंजक प्राप्त करें। सिद्ध करें कि समतल ध्रुवित प्रकाश तथा वृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश, दीर्घवृत्तीय ध्रुवित प्रकाश की विशेष स्थितियां हैं। 

Ques 33.

द्विक-रेखाछिद्र प्रयोग में प्रयुक्त दो प्रकाश पुंजों में से एक प्रकाश पुंज के पथ में एक पतली पारदर्शी पट्टिका रख दी जाती है। फ्रिंज प्रतिरूप विस्थापन का व्यंजक प्राप्त करें। 

Ques 34.

 त्रिज्या वाला एक समतल-उत्तल लेंस एक समतल ग्लास प्लेट पर रखा है तथा इसे एक विस्तारित एकवर्णी स्रोत द्वारा प्रदीप्त किया जाता है। मान लें कि संपर्क बिन्दु आदर्श है। परावर्तित प्रकाश में 10वें तथा 5वें अदीप्त वलयों का व्यास क्रमशः  तथा  है। यदि लेंस तथा ग्लास प्लेट के बीच के स्थान को एक द्रव द्वारा भर दिया जाता है तो 5वें वलय का व्यास परिवर्तित होकर  हो जाता है। यदि प्रयुक्त प्रकाश का तरंगदैर्ध्य  है तो द्रव का अपवर्तनांक परिकलित करें जब वलय (i) अदीप्त तथा (ii) दीप्त है। 

Ques 35.

तरंगदैर्ध्य  वाली समतल प्रकाश तरंग एक लंबी रेखाछिद्र, जिसकी चौड़ाई  है, पर आपतित होती है। (i) प्रथम दो निम्निष्ठों के लिए विवर्तन कोण परिकलित करें। (ii) यदि रेखाछिद्र की चौड़ाई बदलकर  कर दी जाए तो ये कोण किस प्रकार प्रभावित होंगे? (iii) अब यदि रेखाछिद्र के बाद  फोकस दूरी वाला एक उत्तल लेंस रख दिया जाए तो केन्द्रिय उच्चिष्ठ के दोनों ओर द्वितीय निम्निष्ठों के बीच दूरी परिकलित करें। 

Ques 36.

एक प्रकाशिक यंत्र की विभेदन क्षमता के लिए रैले निकष की चर्चा करें। एक सूक्ष्मदर्शी के लिए विभेदन क्षमता का व्यंजक व्युत्पन्न करें। 

Ques 37.

दो ऊर्जा स्तरों वाली एक परमाण्वीय निकाय, जिसमें उच्च ऊर्जा स्तर की जनसंख्या न्यून ऊर्जा स्तर की जनसंख्या से कम है, तापीय साम्यावस्था में हैं। सिद्ध करें कि यदि उपयुक्त आवृत्ति का विकिरण निकाय में प्रेषित किया जाए तो विकिरण का अवशोषण, उद्दीपित उत्सर्जन से अधिक होगा। इस तथ्य का लेसर प्रक्रिया पर होने वाले असर पर टिप्पणी करें। 

Ques 38.

किसी परमाण्वीय निकाय के दो ऊर्जा स्तर के बीच ऊर्जा अंतराल  आवृत्ति के संगत है। मान लें कि निकाय के सभी परमाणु इन दोनों में से किसी एक ऊर्जा स्तर में स्थित हैं।  तापमान पर उच्च ऊर्जा स्तर में स्थित परमाणुओं की संख्या परिकलित करें। दिया गया है :

 तथा  | 

Ques 39.

किसी प्रकाशिक तंतु के क्रोड तथा अधिपट्टन पदार्थों के अपवर्तनांक क्रमशः 1.51 तथा 1.39 हैं। तंतु की सांख्यिकीय द्वारक तथा प्रकाश संग्रहण क्षमता परिकलित करें। 

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