IGNOU MCS 22 SOLVED ASSIGNMENT

Ques 1.

 Compare and contrast a Network Operating System (NOS) with a Distributed Operating System (DOS). Highlight their key differences in terms of resource management, user perception (transparency), and fault tolerance. Provide one example for each type of OS.

Ques 2.

Explain the concept of a system call in an operating system. Describe the sequence of steps that occur when a user program makes a system call to read data from a file. Use a diagram to illustrate the transition between user mode and kernel mode.

Ques 3.

Consider a system with three processes (P1, P2, P3) and three resource types (R1, R2, R3). At a particular instance, the system state is as follows:

Total instances of R1-10, R2-5, R3-7.

Using the Banker's Algorithm, determine:

(i) The content of the 'Available' and 'Need' matrices.

(ii) Is the system in a safe state? If yes, provide a safe sequence. Justify your answer.

Ques 4.

Consider a system with three processes (P1, P2, P3) and three resource types (R1, R2, R3). At a particular instance, the system state is as follows:

Total instances of R1-10, R2-5, R3-7.

Using the Banker's Algorithm, determine:

(i) The content of the 'Available' and 'Need' matrices.

(ii) Is the system in a safe state? If yes, provide a safe sequence. Justify your answer.

Ques 5.

 Differentiate between pre-emptive and non-pre-emptive scheduling algorithms. Provide one example for each and explain a scenario where one would be more suitable than the other.

Ques 6.

A system uses a paging memory management scheme with a page size of 4 KB. The logical address space of a

process is 64 KB. (i) How many pages are in the logical address?

(ii) If the physical memory size is 128 KB, how many frames are in the physical memory?

For the logical address 20500, calculate the page number and the offset.

Ques 7.

What is "thrashing" in the context of virtual memory? Explain why it occurs and describe two methods an operating system can use to prevent or handle thrashing.

Ques 8.

Explain the structure of an Inode in a Linux/UNIX file system. What key information does it store about a file? Why is the Inode-based approach efficient for managing file metadata?

Ques 9.

Write a shell script in Linux that takes a directory name as a command-line argument. The script should count the number of files and sub-directories within the given directory and display the counts separately. It should also display an error message if the argument is not a valid directory.

Ques 10.

Write a shell script in Linux that takes a directory name as a command-line argument. The script should count the number of files and sub-directories within the given directory and display the counts separately. It should also display an error message if the argument is not a valid directory.

Ques 11.

Describe the purpose and logical structure of Active Directory in a Windows Server environment. Explain the roles of a Domain, Tree, and Forest in organizing network resources.

Ques 12.

Differentiate between a "workgroup" and a "domain" model in a Windows networking environment. List two advantages of using a domain model over a workgroup for a medium-sized organization.

Ques 13.

Differentiate between a "workgroup" and a "domain" model in a Windows networking environment. List two advantages of using a domain model over a workgroup for a medium-sized organization.

Ques 14.

 Explain the step-by-step process of configuring a user's machine to obtain an IP address automatically from a DHCP server. Describe the four-step DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge) process.

Ques 15.

What is a DNS (Domain Name System) server? Differentiate between an authoritative DNS server and a caching DNS server.

Ques 16.

What is IPsec? Explain its two primary modes of operation: Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode. Use diagrams to illustrate how the packet structure changes in each mode.

Ques 17.

What is IPsec? Explain its two primary modes of operation: Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode. Use diagrams to illustrate how the packet structure changes in each mode.

Ques 18.

What is EFS (Encrypting File System) in Windows? How does it provide security for files stored on a local disk?

Ques 19.

The role of a RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) system, specifically explaining RAID 0 and RAID

Ques 20.

The concept of a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and its benefits.

Ques 21.

The concept of a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and its benefits.

Ques 22.

User and Group management in Linux, including the purpose of chown and chmod commands.

Ques 23.

The difference between a hub, a switch, and a router.

Ques 24.

 Compare and contrast a Network Operating System (NOS) with a Distributed Operating System (DOS). Highlight their key differences in terms of resource management, user perception (transparency), and fault tolerance. Provide one example for each type of OS.

Ques 25.

Explain the concept of a system call in an operating system. Describe the sequence of steps that occur when a user program makes a system call to read data from a file. Use a diagram to illustrate the transition between user mode and kernel mode.

Ques 26.

Consider a system with three processes (P1, P2, P3) and three resource types (R1, R2, R3). At a particular instance, the system state is as follows:

Total instances of R1-10, R2-5, R3-7.

Using the Banker's Algorithm, determine:

(i) The content of the 'Available' and 'Need' matrices.

(ii) Is the system in a safe state? If yes, provide a safe sequence. Justify your answer.

Ques 27.

Consider a system with three processes (P1, P2, P3) and three resource types (R1, R2, R3). At a particular instance, the system state is as follows:

Total instances of R1-10, R2-5, R3-7.

Using the Banker's Algorithm, determine:

(i) The content of the 'Available' and 'Need' matrices.

(ii) Is the system in a safe state? If yes, provide a safe sequence. Justify your answer.

Ques 28.

 Differentiate between pre-emptive and non-pre-emptive scheduling algorithms. Provide one example for each and explain a scenario where one would be more suitable than the other.

Ques 29.

A system uses a paging memory management scheme with a page size of 4 KB. The logical address space of a

process is 64 KB. (i) How many pages are in the logical address?

(ii) If the physical memory size is 128 KB, how many frames are in the physical memory?

For the logical address 20500, calculate the page number and the offset.

Ques 30.

What is "thrashing" in the context of virtual memory? Explain why it occurs and describe two methods an operating system can use to prevent or handle thrashing.

Ques 31.

Explain the structure of an Inode in a Linux/UNIX file system. What key information does it store about a file? Why is the Inode-based approach efficient for managing file metadata?

Ques 32.

Write a shell script in Linux that takes a directory name as a command-line argument. The script should count the number of files and sub-directories within the given directory and display the counts separately. It should also display an error message if the argument is not a valid directory.

Ques 33.

Write a shell script in Linux that takes a directory name as a command-line argument. The script should count the number of files and sub-directories within the given directory and display the counts separately. It should also display an error message if the argument is not a valid directory.

Ques 34.

Describe the purpose and logical structure of Active Directory in a Windows Server environment. Explain the roles of a Domain, Tree, and Forest in organizing network resources.

Ques 35.

Differentiate between a "workgroup" and a "domain" model in a Windows networking environment. List two advantages of using a domain model over a workgroup for a medium-sized organization.

Ques 36.

Differentiate between a "workgroup" and a "domain" model in a Windows networking environment. List two advantages of using a domain model over a workgroup for a medium-sized organization.

Ques 37.

 Explain the step-by-step process of configuring a user's machine to obtain an IP address automatically from a DHCP server. Describe the four-step DORA (Discover, Offer, Request, Acknowledge) process.

Ques 38.

What is a DNS (Domain Name System) server? Differentiate between an authoritative DNS server and a caching DNS server.

Ques 39.

What is IPsec? Explain its two primary modes of operation: Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode. Use diagrams to illustrate how the packet structure changes in each mode.

Ques 40.

What is IPsec? Explain its two primary modes of operation: Transport Mode and Tunnel Mode. Use diagrams to illustrate how the packet structure changes in each mode.

Ques 41.

What is EFS (Encrypting File System) in Windows? How does it provide security for files stored on a local disk?

Ques 42.

The role of a RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) system, specifically explaining RAID 0 and RAID

Ques 43.

The concept of a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and its benefits.

Ques 44.

The concept of a Virtual Private Network (VPN) and its benefits.

Ques 45.

User and Group management in Linux, including the purpose of chown and chmod commands.

Ques 46.

The difference between a hub, a switch, and a router.

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