What are different urban livelihood concerns? Discuss the framework and strategies for sustainable livelihoods.

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Urban livelihood concerns are an essential aspect of the development and growth of cities, particularly as urbanization continues to increase globally. These concerns are multi-faceted and relate to various factors that affect the quality of life, economic stability, and social inclusion of urban residents. In the context of smart cities and sustainable development, understanding urban livelihood concerns is critical for designing interventions that promote both economic growth and social well-being in urban areas.

Urban Livelihood Concerns

Urban livelihood concerns refer to the issues that impact the ability of individuals and communities in urban areas to secure and maintain a sustainable standard of living. These concerns are varied and interconnected, and can be broadly categorized into several key areas:

1. Employment and Income Generation
   Employment opportunities and income security are central to urban livelihoods. In many urban areas, particularly in developing countries, informal sector jobs dominate. Informal workers often face precarious working conditions, lack of social security, and low wages. Even in the formal sector, rapid technological changes and automation may lead to job displacement, contributing to unemployment or underemployment. Income inequality within urban areas also poses significant challenges, often resulting in social exclusion and increased poverty.

2. Access to Affordable Housing
   As cities grow, the demand for housing increases, leading to rising property prices and rents. For low-income and vulnerable populations, this results in overcrowded, substandard living conditions, or the development of slums and informal settlements. The lack of affordable housing not only affects the physical and mental well-being of residents but also restricts their access to essential services like education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.

3. Basic Services and Infrastructure
   Access to clean water, sanitation, electricity, waste management, transportation, and other essential services is vital for urban livelihoods. In many urban areas, particularly in informal settlements or peri-urban areas, residents often lack reliable access to these services, leading to health issues, poor living conditions, and diminished quality of life. Moreover, inadequate infrastructure can limit mobility and economic opportunities, hindering overall urban development.

4. Education and Skills Development
   Urban livelihoods are heavily influenced by access to education and vocational training. The growing demand for skilled workers in the technology, healthcare, and service sectors means that individuals without adequate _____ ___________ ______ ____________ ____ _________ __ ___ ____ ______ _______ ______ ______ __________.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Master of Arts (Urban Studies)
Course Code : MAUS
Subject Name : Sustainable Development and Smart Cities
Subject Code : MEDS -048
Year : 2024 2025