In what ways do dam construction alter the ecological balance? Elaborate with appropriate examples.

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Dam construction is one of the most significant anthropogenic interventions in natural ecosystems, and its ecological consequences are multifaceted. At the most basic level, dams alter the natural flow of rivers, which fundamentally changes the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. The alteration of river flow affects sediment transport, nutrient cycling, water temperature, and habitat connectivity, all of which are essential to maintaining ecological balance. These changes can have cascading effects on both upstream and downstream environments, affecting biodiversity, soil fertility, and human communities that depend on the river ecosystem. One of the most immediate ecological impacts of dam construction is the disruption of natural river flow patterns. Rivers are dynamic systems where seasonal fluctuations in water volume and speed play a critical role in shaping riverbeds, distributing sediments, and sustaining floodplain ecosystems. Dams, by regulating and often reducing downstream flow, interfere with these natural processes. For instance, the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River in Egypt has significantly reduced the annual flooding that once replenished nutrients in the Nile Delta. The suppression of flooding has led to soil nutrient depletion, reduced agricultural productivity, and increased _____________ __________ _________ __________ ______ __ __________ ___ _________.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : MA in Gandhi and Peace Studies
Course Code : MGPS
Subject Name : Non-violent Movements after Gandhi
Subject Code : MGPE 7
Year : 2024 2025