Examine the Prohibition Movement and its impact, especially in the Indian scenario.

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The Prohibition Movement, aimed at banning the production, sale, and consumption of alcoholic beverages, has deep historical roots globally and in India. In the Indian context, it evolved from moral, social, and economic arguments, often intertwined with cultural and religious values. Although the movement had already gained some momentum during the colonial period, it received a significant boost under Mahatma Gandhi, who strongly advocated for temperance and prohibition. Post-Gandhian India witnessed the continuity of the movement through non-violent methods, largely through grassroots activism and state-led initiatives. Analyzing the Prohibition Movement, especially after Gandhi, requires an exploration of its ideological foundations, implementation strategies, and socio-economic impacts in various regions across India. Gandhi's moral persuasion against alcohol consumption was rooted in his broader vision of a self-disciplined, non-violent, and morally upright society. For him, alcohol was not just a personal vice but a social evil that undermined the strength of the nation. After his death in 1948, many of Gandhi's followers and organizations continued to uphold his ideals, including prohibition. The movement retained a non-violent character, relying on peaceful protest, social awareness campaigns, and legislative lobbying. One of the first concrete steps toward prohibition in post-independence India came with its inclusion in the Directive Principles of State Policy under Article 47 of the Indian Constitution. This article urges the state to improve public health and endeavor to prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drinks and drugs harmful to health. Though not justiciable in a court of law, Article 47 provided a moral and constitutional foundation for state governments to experiment with prohibition policies. In the post-Gandhian era, several Indian states implemented prohibition laws with varying degrees of success and public support. Among the prominent examples is Gujarat, Gandhi’s home state, which introduced prohibition as a mark of respect to Gandhian ideals. Gujarat has maintained prohibition in various forms since the 1960s, and in 2009, it introduced a complete prohibition under the Bombay Prohibition Act. The Gujarat model, while emblematic of Gandhian legacy, has also been controversial. Critics argue that the state has witnessed the rise of illicit liquor networks, black markets, and corruption within enforcement agencies. Nevertheless, proponents claim that prohibition has led to lower levels of alcoholism and related social issues like domestic violence. Another notable instance was in Andhra Pradesh during the 1990s. The anti-arrack movement, led primarily by rural women, particularly from marginalized communities, demonstrated the non-violent spirit of protest reminiscent of Gandhian methods. Spearheaded ____________ ________ ________ ___ ___________ ____ ___________.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : MA in Gandhi and Peace Studies
Course Code : MGPS
Subject Name : Non-violent Movements after Gandhi
Subject Code : MGPE 7
Year : 2024 2025