Question
Give the general characters of mycobacterium. How do you stain them in the laboratory? Name four mycobacteria of medical importance and the diseases caused by them.
General Characteristics of Mycobacterium: Mycobacteria are a group of bacteria known for their unique characteristics. They belong to the family Mycobacteriaceae and include both pathogenic and non-pathogenic species. Some general characteristics of mycobacteria include:
Cell Wall Composition: Mycobacteria possess a complex cell wall that contains mycolic acids, which contribute to their waxy and hydrophobic nature. This makes them resistant to many stains and disinfectants.
Acid-Fast Staining: One of the most distinctive features of mycobacteria is their ability to retain stains even after acid washes, a property known _______ ______ ___ ____ ______ __________ ___ ____.
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What is the significance of food laws and standards in promotion of public health? Suggest ways for its effective implementation.
With the help of a diagram, describe the life cycle of Leishmania Donovani. Mention how the diagnosis of Kala Azar (Visceral Leishmaniasis) is made.
Illustrate them with example of measurements taken by nurses.
a. The ability of an organism to cause infection is called………………….
b. The causative agent of Whooping cough is ……………………….
c. Both yellow fever and Dengue fever are transmitted through the bites of ………….mosquito.
d. Viruses responsible for causing common cold are………………………
e. A toxin that has been treated to destroy its toxic property without affecting its antigenicity is called …………………….
Enzymes in blood have diagnostic importance. Illustrate it with specific examples. .
How are radioisotopes useful in the medical field? Briefly describe, giving specific examples.
Match the items given in Column A with those given in Column B:
| Column A | Column A |
| a) Lonization | i) Link different nucleotides in a nucleic acid |
| b) Intersticial fluid | ii) Contain red pigment haemoglobin |
| c) Ketone bodies | iii) Nephrotic Syndrome |
| d) Phosphodiester bonds | iv) Energy ‘currency’ of cell |
| e) Coenzyme A | v) Breakdown of RBCs to release their contents |
| f) Erythrocytes | vi) Fluid in between cells |
| g) Agglutination | vii) Transport of molecules/ions against concentration gradient |
| h) Protein in Urine | viii) Glycosuria |
| i) Adenosine Tri Phosphate (ATP) | ix) Clumping together of RBCs |
| j) Active transport | x) Formation of ions by dissociation of electrolytes |
| xi) Derived lipid | |
| xii) Coenzyme form of pantothenic acid | |
| xiii) Fluid inside cells |
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