Question
Explain the following Accounting concepts
a) Business entity concept
b) Accrual concept
c) Money measurement concept
d) Periodicity concept 
a) Business entity concept:
The business entity concept is a fundamental accounting principle that states that a business is a separate entity from its owners. This means that the personal financial affairs of the owners or shareholders should be kept separate from the financial transactions of the business. As a result, the financial transactions of the business are recorded separately from the personal financial transactions of the owners or shareholders.
This concept is essential because it ensures that the financial statements of the business reflect the true financial position of the business and not the personal financial position of the owners or shareholders. By keeping the financial affairs separate, it becomes easier to track the financial performance of the business and make decisions based on the information provided by the  ____________ ___________ __________ __________ _____ __ __ ____________ ___________.
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What is ‘Capital Structure’? Explain the features of an appropriate capital structure and discuss factors determining capital structure of a firm.
Compute cash generated from Operations during the year 2021-22, from the following data:
| Particulars | April 1, 2021 | March 31, 2022 | ||
| Sundry debtors | R. 30,000 | R. 40,000 | ||
| Sundry creditors | 48,000 | 30,000 | ||
| Outstanding expenses | 3,000 | 6,000 | ||
| Outstanding income | 1,000 | 1,000 | ||
| Stock in trade | 55,000 | 60,000 | ||
| Prepaid expenses | 3,000 | 2,000 | ||
| Accumulated depreciation | ||||
| (no retirements during the year) | 50,000 | 60,000 | ||
| Provision for doubtful accounts | 1,500 | 2,000 | ||
| Dividends payable | -- | 3,000 | ||
| Bills receivable | 10,000 | 12,000 | ||
| Bills payable | 8,000 | 6,000 | ||
| Net income before taxes (as per profit | and loss | -- | 80,000 | |
What are the various types of investment proposals? Explain the various discounted cash flow techniques used to evaluate investment proposals.
The Colour Flow Ltd’s income statement for the preceding year is presented below. Except as noted, the cost/revenue relationship for the coming year is expected to follow the same pattern as in the preceding year. Income statement for the year ending March 31 is as follows:
| Sales (20,000 bottles @ R. 25 each) | R 5,00,000 | |
| Variable costs | R 3,00,000 | |
| Fixed costs | 1,00,000 | 4,00,000 | 
| Pre-tax profit | 1,00,000 | |
| Less: Taxes (0.35) | 35,000 | |
| Profit after tax | 65,000 | 
Profit after tax 65,000
1. What is the break-even point in amount and units?
2. Suppose that a plant expansion will add R 50,000 to fixed costs and increase capacity by 60 per cent. How many bottles would have to be sold after the addition to break-even?
3. At what level of sales will be company be able to maintain its present pre-tax profit position even after expansion?
4. The company’s management feels that is should earn at least R 10,000 (pre-tax per annum) on the new investment. What sales volume is required to enable the company to maintain existing profits and earn the minimum required return on
new investments?
5. Suppose the plant operates at full capacity after the expansion, what profit after tax will be earned?
Explain the following Accounting concepts
a) Business entity concept
b) Accrual concept
c) Money measurement concept
d) Periodicity concept 
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