Examine the direct and indirect effects of natural disasters on livestock

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Livestock can be significantly affected by natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, and droughts. The effects of natural disasters on livestock can be both direct and indirect.

Direct effects of natural disasters on livestock include:

1. Physical injury or death: Livestock can be directly injured or killed by falling debris, high winds, or flooding caused by natural disasters. In addition, livestock may be drowned or swept away by flash floods.

2. Destruction of animal habitats: Natural disasters can cause significant damage to the physical structures that house and protect livestock, such as barns, stables, and corrals. This can result in exposure to the elements, predation, and difficulty accessing food and water.

3. Loss of feed and forage: Natural disasters can cause extensive damage to pastureland, cropland, and forage crops, reducing the food and water available for livestock.

Indirect effects of natural disasters on livestock include:

1. Disruption of transportation and supply chains: Natural disasters can disrupt transportation networks, making it difficult to transport feed, forage, and livestock to where they are needed. This can result in shortages and increased costs for livestock feed and supplies.

2. Disease outbreaks: Natural disasters can increase the risk of disease outbreaks in livestock, as overcrowding, exposure to contaminated water, and stress can weaken their immune systems. This can lead to serious illnesses and even death in affected _____________ ___________ ____ _____ _____ ________ _________ ___________ ________ _______.
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Degree : CERTIFICATE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Certificate in Disaster Management
Course Code : CDM
Subject Name : Disaster Management: Methods And Techniques
Subject Code : CDM 2
Year : 2023