Discuss and critically evaluate the idea of Karmavada in Hinduism.

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Karma is a concept of Hinduism which describes a system in which beneficial effects are derived from past beneficial actions and harmful effects from past harmful actions, creating a system of actions and reactions throughout a soul's (jivatman's) reincarnated lives, forming a cycle of rebirth. The causality is said to apply not only to the material world but also to our thoughts, words, actions, and actions that others do under our instructions. For example, if we do a good thing, something good happens to us, and the same applies if we do a bad thing. It is said in the Puranas that the lord of karma is the planet Saturn, Shani.

The earliest appearance of the word "karma" is found in Rigveda. The term karma also appears significantly in the Veda. According to Brahmanas, "as his wife man is born to the world he has made" and one is placed in a balance in the other world for an estimate of one's good and evil deed. It also declares that as a man is 'constituted' by his desires, he is born in the other world concerning these. Scholars have generally agreed that the earliest formulation of the Karma doctrine occurs in the Brhadaranyaka, which is the earliest of the Upanishads. The doctrine occurs here in the context of a discussion of the fate of the individual after death.

"Karma" literally means "action," and more broadly names the universal principle of cause and effect, action and reaction, which Hindus believe governs all consciousness. Karma is not fate, for we act with what can be described as a conditioned free will creating our destinies. ___ ____________ _______ ____________ _____________ _____ __________ ________.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Master of Arts in Philosophy
Course Code : MAPY
Subject Name : World Religions
Subject Code : MPYE 5
Year : 2022 2023