Differentiate between NRI and PIO. Suggest concrete steps which can be taken up to attract these market segments to India. 

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Non-Resident Indians (NRIs) and Persons of Indian Origin (PIOs) are two important market segments for the tourism industry in India. Though these groups share a common cultural and historical background, there are key differences between them that influence their travel behavior and engagement with India. To understand how to attract these segments effectively, it is essential to first differentiate between NRIs and PIOs, and then explore strategies to cater to their specific needs in the context of tourism.

### Differences Between NRI and PIO

1. Definition:  
   An NRI is an Indian citizen who resides outside of India, typically due to employment, business, or education. NRIs are usually citizens of India who have moved abroad temporarily or permanently but still retain their Indian nationality.  
   A PIO, on the other hand, is a foreign citizen of Indian origin, whose ancestors were Indian citizens, and who holds citizenship of a foreign country. The PIO category includes people whose parents or grandparents were born in India but who have acquired foreign citizenship. The PIO scheme was introduced to facilitate the movement and interaction of people of Indian descent living abroad with India. (Note: The PIO card has been merged with the Overseas Citizen of India (OCI) card since 2015).

2. Citizenship Status:  
   NRIs are still Indian citizens, while PIOs have a foreign citizenship. This distinction affects their legal status and access to certain benefits or privileges when visiting India. For example, NRIs are entitled to certain tax exemptions and benefits in India that PIOs do not have.

3. Motivation for Travel:  
   NRIs are often motivated to travel to India for reasons such as family visits, cultural reconnect, business, and investment opportunities. They are more likely to have a strong emotional connection with India, given that they are Indian citizens. PIOs, however, travel to India primarily for cultural exploration, ancestral ties, or seeking heritage experiences. While both groups seek a connection with India, the NRI’s visit is often tied to personal and family reasons, whereas the PIO may have a more exploratory or heritage-based motivation.

4. Frequency of Travel:  
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Master of Arts in Tourism Management
Course Code : MTM
Subject Name : Understanding Tourism Markets
Subject Code : MTM 9
Year : 2022