Differentiate between Deep Litter system and Cage system of housing poultry. What are the characteristics of a good litter material?

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The Deep Litter system and the Cage system are two commonly used methods of housing poultry, and each has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. The Deep Litter system involves placing birds on a bed of litter, typically made of straw, sawdust, or other organic material, while the Cage system involves housing birds in individual cages. In this essay, we will explore the differences between these two systems and their impact on bird health, welfare, and production.

The Deep Litter system is a traditional and economical method of housing poultry. In this system, birds are housed on a bed of litter that is typically changed once or twice a year. This method allows for good ventilation and helps to regulate temperature and moisture levels, reducing the risk of respiratory diseases and promoting healthy footpad condition. Birds are able to express natural behaviors, such as dust bathing, foraging, and scratching, which can help improve their welfare. The Deep Litter system is also less labor-intensive compared to the Cage system, as it does not require daily cleaning and sanitation, which can be a significant cost savings.

The Cage system, on the other hand, is a more modern and technologically advanced method of housing poultry. In this system, each bird is housed in an individual cage, which provides protection from injury and reduces the spread of diseases. The Cage system allows for precise monitoring of bird health, feed intake, and egg production, which can help improve overall production efficiency. This system also helps to reduce labor costs, as cages can be cleaned and sanitized more easily and quickly than the litter in a Deep Litter system.

However, the Cage system has several disadvantages when it comes to bird welfare. Birds are unable to express natural behaviors, such as dust bathing and foraging, which can lead to increased stress and decreased welfare. The small size of the cages can also cause __ _______ _____________ __________ _____________ ______.
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Degree : CERTIFICATE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Certificate in Poultry Farming
Course Code : CPF
Subject Name : Poultry Housing And Management
Subject Code : OLPI 1
Year : 2023