How does the process of neutralization help in the treatment of hazardous waste?

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Neutralization is one of the most widely used and important processes in the treatment of hazardous waste, particularly those wastes that exhibit corrosive properties due to their extreme acidic or alkaline nature. Hazardous wastes generated from industries, laboratories, manufacturing processes, and chemical plants often contain strong acids or bases. If released untreated into the environment, these substances can cause severe damage to ecosystems, human health, and infrastructure. Neutralization provides a practical, cost-effective, and efficient method to reduce the hazardous characteristics of such wastes, thereby making them safer for handling, further treatment, or disposal. By converting highly acidic or highly basic wastes into substances with a near-neutral pH, the process minimizes their potential to corrode materials, burn biological tissue, or react dangerously with other chemicals. The fundamental principle behind neutralization is the chemical reaction between acids and bases. Acids are substances with a pH less than 7 and contain hydrogen ions, whereas bases are substances with a pH greater than 7 and contain hydroxide ions. When an acid and a base are combined in the right proportion, they undergo a neutralization reaction, producing water and salts as by-products. For example, hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium hydroxide to produce sodium chloride and water. This chemical transformation not only changes the chemical structure __ _______ __ ________ ______ ____ _______ __ _______ ___ ___________ _________ ____ _______.
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Degree : DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Certificate in Solid Wastes Treatment Techniques
Course Code : CSWATT
Subject Name : Solid Wastes Processing and Treatment Techniques
Subject Code : BWA 3
Year : 2023