Describe characteristic features of smart cities. Discuss smart city initiatives in Europe and India..

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Smart cities represent a transformative approach to urban development, emphasizing the integration of technology, sustainability, and citizen-centric governance to improve the quality of life in urban areas. At their core, smart cities leverage advanced digital infrastructure, data analytics, and innovative solutions to address the challenges of urbanization, such as congestion, pollution, inefficient resource management, and inadequate public services. One of the primary characteristic features of smart cities is the extensive use of information and communication technology (ICT) to enable real-time monitoring, management, and optimization of city services. This includes intelligent transportation systems, smart grids for energy distribution, digital platforms for public services, and IoT-enabled infrastructure that facilitates efficient urban operations. Sustainability is another defining feature of smart cities. By integrating environmental considerations into planning and operations, smart cities aim to reduce carbon emissions, conserve energy, and minimize waste. Urban planning incorporates green buildings, renewable energy sources, and efficient water management systems, contributing to a low-carbon and resource-efficient urban ecosystem. Smart cities also focus on mobility and connectivity, ensuring that citizens can move efficiently within the urban environment. This includes public transportation systems optimized through real-time data, smart parking solutions, and integrated traffic management that reduces congestion and pollution. Citizen engagement __ __________ _______ ____ _________ ______ ____ _________ _____________ ______ ________ _________.
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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Master of Arts (Urban Studies)
Course Code : MAUS
Subject Name : Sustainable Development and Smart Cities
Subject Code : MEDS -048
Year : 2024 2025