Rupa, a 22 years old female, has been admitted with Traumatic pneumothorax following chest injury.
a) List the signs and symptoms of traumatic pneumothorax.
b) Explain the treatment modalities for Rupa.
c) How will you, as a nurse, assess that the patient is developing flail chest? 

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a) Signs and Symptoms of Traumatic Pneumothorax: A traumatic pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural cavity as a result of a chest injury. The following are the signs and symptoms of a traumatic pneumothorax:

1. Sudden, sharp chest pain
2. Shortness of breath
3. Rapid heart rate
4. Rapid breathing
5. Low blood pressure
6. Chest tightness
7. Coughing up blood
8. Decreased breath sounds on the affected side
9. Cyanosis (a blue or gray coloration of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes)

b) Treatment modalities for Rupa: The treatment of a traumatic pneumothorax will depend on the severity of the injury and the presence of other medical conditions. The following are the common treatment modalities for a traumatic pneumothorax:

1. Observation: In mild cases, the patient may be observed and given supplemental oxygen, without any intervention.

2. Needle aspiration: In cases where the pneumothorax is moderate to severe, needle aspiration may be performed to remove air from the pleural cavity.

3. Chest tube placement: In severe cases, a chest tube may be inserted to remove air from the pleural cavity and prevent the accumulation of further air.

4. Thoracotomy: In severe cases, surgical intervention may ___ _________ _____________ ____ ____ ____________ _________.
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Degree : DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Diploma in Critical Care Nursing
Course Code : DCCN
Subject Name : Nursing Management in Critical Care Conditions
Subject Code : BNS 32
Year : 2023