In what ways do dam construction alter the ecological balance? Elaborate with appropriate examples.

Word Count : 791

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Dam construction has long been seen as a key solution to various issues, including water management, hydroelectric power generation, and irrigation support. However, this approach often leads to significant ecological disruptions. Following Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of non-violent movements, which emphasized peaceful protest against unjust practices, various movements have arisen worldwide, focusing on environmental sustainability and the preservation of ecosystems against dam constructions. This essay examines the ecological impacts of dam construction and explores instances where non-violent movements have successfully challenged these projects.

Alteration of Ecological Balance

1. Disruption of Aquatic Ecosystems

Dams obstruct the natural flow of rivers, fundamentally altering aquatic ecosystems. Fish migration patterns are often disrupted, as many species rely on free-flowing waters to spawn. For example, the construction of the Aswan High Dam in Egypt led to a drastic decline in the Nile River's fish population, as migratory fish could no longer reach their breeding grounds. Similarly, the construction of the Three Gorges Dam in China has significantly impacted the Yangtze River's biodiversity, endangering species like the Yangtze giant softshell turtle and the Chinese sturgeon.

2. Changes in Sediment Flow

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Degree : MASTER DEGREE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : MA in Gandhi and Peace Studies
Course Code : MGPS
Subject Name : Non-violent Movements after Gandhi
Subject Code : MGPE 7
Year : 2024 2025