Enumerate various health indicators. Explain any four in detail.

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Indicators of Health are -
1. Mortality indicators
2. Morbidity indicators
3. Disability rates
4. Nutritional status indicators
5. Healthy care delivery indicators
6. Utilization rates
7. Indicators of social & mental health
8. Environmental indicators
9. Socio‐economic indicators
10. Healthy policy indicators
11. Indicators of quality of life.
12. Other indicators.

1. Indicators of Mortality

Death is easy to identify in nearly all the cases and the date of death is generally available in records. Thus, the mortality statistics are considered reliable and used all across the world. A higher rate of mortality in children is considered an indicator of poor health, though this may not be so for old age. Indicators used to measure deaths in a population are crude death rate (CDR), child morality rate, life expectancy at birth, etc. Among the child mortality indicators, the infant mortality rate is widely used as an indicator of health status and development. There are many other indicators that measure mortality in children beginning with conception.

Indicators Based on Fetal Deaths

The following are some indicators related to fetal deaths.
Abortion rate = (Abortions/Females of reproductive age-group)*1000
Abortion ratio =(Abortions/Live births )*1000
Still birth ratio =(Still births/Live births) *1000
Still birth rate =(Still births/Still births + Live births) *1000
Perinatal mortality rate =((Late fetal + early neonatal) deaths/Late fetal deaths + Live births)* 1000

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Degree : PG DIPLOMA PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Post Graduate Diploma in Hospital and Health Management
Course Code : PGDHHM
Subject Name : Introduction to Management
Subject Code : MHH 101
Year : 2022