Describe the various sources of conflict.

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Conflicts are a natural part of human interaction and organizational dynamics. They arise when there are incompatible goals, values, or interests between individuals or groups. Understanding the various sources of conflict is crucial in peace and conflict management, as it allows for effective resolution strategies. Below are the primary sources of conflict:

1. Interpersonal Differences

Conflicts often arise from differences in personality, perceptions, attitudes, and communication styles. People interpret situations and information through their unique perspectives, which can lead to misunderstandings or misinterpretations. For instance:

• Clashing personalities: Individuals may find it difficult to work together due to differing temperaments or work ethics.
• Communication barriers: Miscommunication or a lack of effective communication can escalate tensions.

2. Competition for Resources

A significant source of conflict is the competition over scarce resources such as money, time, manpower, or physical assets. When resources are limited, individuals or groups may compete to secure their share, often at the expense of others.

• In organizations, conflicts may arise over budget allocations or workspace distribution.
• At the societal level, disputes over natural resources like water, land, or minerals are common.

3. Goal Incompatibility

When individuals or groups have conflicting goals or priorities, conflicts are inevitable. Goal incompatibility can occur in various settings:

• Workplace: Employees or departments may have different targets that clash, leading to disagreements.
• Political environments: Nations or political groups may pursue conflicting agendas, resulting in disputes.

4. Cultural and Value Differences

Cultural and value-based conflicts emerge from differences in beliefs, traditions, or norms. Such conflicts are especially prevalent in multicultural or diverse societies.

• Religious differences: Conflicting religious practices or beliefs can lead to disputes.
• Cultural misunderstandings: Variations in societal norms, such as attitudes towards hierarchy or gender roles, can create friction.

5. Structural Factors

Structural conflicts arise from organizational or systemic inequalities and rigid hierarchies. These factors are deeply embedded in institutions and systems, making resolution challenging.

• Power imbalances: When authority is distributed unevenly, those with less power may feel marginalized, leading to conflict.
• Inequitable systems: Discrimination or favoritism in policies can lead to feelings of injustice and resentment.

6. Emotional and Psychological Factors

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Degree : CERTIFICATE PROGRAMMES
Course Name : Certificate in Peace Studies and Conflict Management
Course Code : CPSCM
Subject Name : Introduction to Peace and Conflict Management
Subject Code : BGP 1
Year : 2024 2025