Question
Alice wants to use the Digital Signature algorithm for signing messages. She chooses p = 83, q = 41, g = 2 and a = 3. Alice wants to sign the message M = 20. She chooses the secret value k = 8. Explain the procedure that Alice will use for computing the signature. What information will she send Bob?
It seems there might be a misunderstanding in your question. The scenario you've presented involves parameters related to the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), a cryptographic algorithm, and not directly related to the Curriculum and Pedagogy of Early Years and Foundational _______ ________ _______ _________ __ __________ _____ _____ _____ _____________ ______.
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List various concepts, process skills, values, and attitudes that can be developed while teaching the theme of ‘Water’ to Grade 2 children. Also briefly share three activities/strategies you would use to develop these.
In this exercise, we introduce you to Hill cipher. In this cipher, we convert our message to
numbers, just as in affine cipher. However, instead of encrypting character by character, we
encrypt pairs of characters by multiplying them with an invertible matrix with co-efficients in
Z26.
Here is an example: Suppose we want to ENCRYPT "ALLISWELL". Since we require the
plaintext to have even number of characters, we pad the message with the character ‘X’. We
break up the message into pairs of characters AL, LI, SW, EL and LX. We convert each pair of
characters into a pair elements in Z26 as follows:
Find the inverse of 13 (mod 51) using extended euclidean algorithm
Decrypt each of the following cipher texts:
i) Text: "CBBGYAEBBFZCFEPXYAEBB", encrypted with affine cipher
with key (7,2).
ii) Text:"KSTYZKESLNZUV", encrypted with Vigenère cipher with key "RESULT"
Process Skills
Bob uses ElGamal cyrptosystem with parameters p = 47, g = 5 and the secret value x = 3. What values will he make public?
What do you understand by the term ‘Balance’ in the Balanced Comprehensive Approach to Literacy?
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