Question
Describe the specializations found in ruminant stomachs.
Ruminants, such as cattle, sheep, and deer, possess a unique and highly specialized stomach structure that sets them apart from non-ruminant vertebrates. The ruminant stomach is divided into four compartments: the rumen, reticulum, omasum, and abomasum. Each compartment plays a distinct role in the ___________ ____ __________ _____________ _______ ____________ ____________ _________ ________ ________.
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What is the difference between juxtacrine and paracrine signalling.
Match the following:
| i) Femoral glands | a) Birds |
| ii) Uropygial glands | b) Crocodiles |
| iii) Scent glands | c) Lizards |
| iv) Mammry | d) Eye lids of mammals |
| v) Meibomian glands | e) Famale mammals |
| vi) Sebaccous glands | f) Mammals |
Indicate the following changes that occur during metamorphosis in amphibians either as progressive or regressive or remodeling:
a) The development of middle ear in connection with the pharyngeal pouch.
b) The change in the shape of the mouth and the shortening and reduction of the cloacal tube.
c) Disappearance of lateral line organs of skin and reduction of blood vessels.
d) The differentiation of brain.
e) The changes in the portal system and the changes in the vascular system to supply blood to the lungs.
List at least three stages in gene expression that can be regulated to result in differentiated cell types? Explain any one of them with the help of an example
Kidney blood circulation
What is the function of amniotic fluid? How are substances exchanged between the embryonic and maternal blood?
Briefly write the functions of the following hormones secreted in mammals.
a) Adrenocoricotropic hormone
b) Parathormone
c) Aldosterone
d) Testosterone
e) Progesterone
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